Creative Problem Solving (CPS)

Introduction: CPS

Creative Problem Solving (CPS) is a structured approach to solving problems in innovative and imaginative ways. It encourages teams and individuals to move beyond standard solutions and develop fresh ideas that can lead to breakthroughs in processes, products, or services.

Background

CPS was first introduced in the 1950s by Alex Osborn (who also created Brainstorming) and Sidney Parnes. It combines free thinking with structured steps, helping teams to both generate and evaluate ideas. Over time, it has been adopted in business, education, and Lean improvement initiatives.

Key Elements / Features

CPS usually follows four main stages:

1. Clarify – Define the problem clearly and gather information.
2. Ideate – Generate as many ideas as possible, often using Brainstorming or ADAM.
3. Develop – Select, refine, and strengthen the best ideas.
4. Implement – Put the chosen solution into action and evaluate the results.

Other key features include divergent thinking (expanding possibilities) and convergent thinking (narrowing down to the best option).

Applications / Examples

• Lean projects – Used to design creative ways of reducing waste.
• Product development – Helps teams think of innovative features or services.
• Education – Encourages students to explore different perspectives.
• Healthcare – Supports problem-solving workshops to improve patient care.

For example, a retail team might use CPS to tackle long checkout times. After generating many ideas, they may choose to test self-service kiosks combined with mobile payments.

Relevance / Impact

CPS supports innovation, teamwork, and engagement. It balances creativity with structure, helping organisations solve problems in ways that add value and strengthen continuous improvement.

See also

• Brainstorming
• ADAM
• Kaizen
• Six Thinking Hats