Activity Flow Diagram (AFD)

Introduction: Activity Flow Diagram (AFD)

An Activity Flow Diagram is a visual tool that shows the steps and flow of activities within a process. It is often created during an interactive brown-paper session, where teams use post-it notes and markers on a large sheet of paper to map the process together.

Background

The Activity Flow Diagram is widely used in Lean and process improvement. Its strength lies in combining visual clarity with group collaboration. Unlike purely digital diagrams, the hands-on “brown paper” method encourages participation and makes processes visible and easy to understand.

Key Elements / Features

The main objectives are:

1. Clarity – Give a clear overview of all steps in the process.
2. Identification – Spot bottlenecks, waste, and opportunities for improvement.
3. Collaboration – Encourage teamwork and shared understanding.
4. Foundation for improvement – Provide a base for further analysis.

Applications / Examples

An Activity Flow Diagram is often created in four steps:

1. Gather stakeholders – Bring all relevant people together.
2. Prepare the session – Place a large brown sheet of paper on the wall.
3. Visualise the process – Use post-its and symbols to show tasks, decisions, and flows.
4. Analyse and discuss – Review the process, find issues, and suggest improvements.

For example, in a hospital a team might map the patient admission process. Seeing the flow visually may reveal waiting times, double checks, or unnecessary paperwork.

Relevance / Impact

The Activity Flow Diagram makes processes visible and easy to discuss. It helps teams align, improves communication, and provides a clear starting point for Lean improvements.

See also

• Brown-Paper Workshop
• Value Stream Mapping
• Process Mapping
• Kaizen